Interpretation of Teacher Training Syllabus for Clinical Pharmacist Training Program （2023 edition） / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To interpret Teacher Training Syllabus for Clinical Pharmacist Training Program （2023 edition） （hereinafter referred as to the “new syllabus”）， and to provide reference and guidance for promoting the implementation of the new syllabus and realizing the quality-improving goal of the reform of the clinical pharmacist teacher training program initiated by China Hospital Association. METHODS From the perspective of the management and based on the position of the designer， the new syllabus was interpreted from four aspects： the background of its compilation and release， the process of its compilation and its characteristics， the key improvements of the program and the points for attention about its subsequent implementation. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The development and release of the new syllabus provide a “construction blueprint” for the reform of the clinical pharmacist teacher training program of the China Hospital Association. The whole process of compiling the new syllabus is characterized by four basic features： theory-led， goal-oriented， research-based， and synergistic. Compared with the previous syllabus， in addition to the adjustment of the text structure，the new syllabus presents more complete and clearer competence requirements for clinical teaching competence in terms of training objectives； in terms of training content， it further structures the group of task items， pays attention to the 育。E-mail：zhenjiancun@163.com sequential planning and time arrangement of items， and puts forward both quantitative and qualitative refinement requirements for each specific training task；in terms of training methods， it emphasizes the interaction of lecturing， demonstrating and guiding， and the progression of observation， operation and reflection， with the intention of guiding teacher trainees to “learn how to teach by teaching”. In the subsequent implementation of the new syllabus， it is necessary for the teacher training bases to attach great importance to the guarantee of training conditions and process quality management， and to organize the teacher training team to do a good job in the two training programs of “clinical pharmacist training” and “clinical pharmacist teacher training”. Based on further improving the connection between the two training programs， the teacher training team should continue to explore the scientific model of clinical pharmacist teacher training oriented by clinical teaching competence.

Impact of different types of heart failure on long-term renal prognosis in patients with renal insufficiency and heart failure / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of different types of heart failure on long-term renal prognosis in patients with renal insufficiency and heart failure. Methods: The patients with renal insufficiency [baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] and heart failure followed-up for more than 2 years and hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The patients were divided into three groups based on the baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF < 40%) group, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF, 40% ≤ LVEF < 50%) group, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, LVEF ≥ 50%) group. Clinical data were collected and endpoint events (adverse renal outcome: the composite outcome of all-cause death or worsening renal function) were recorded through the electronic medical record system. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the incidence of endpoint events of different heart failure subgroups. Cox regression model was performed to analyze the risk factors of endpoint events. Results: A total of 228 patients with renal insufficiency complicated with heart failure were included, with age of (68.14±14.21) years old and 138 males (60.5%). There were 85 patients (37.3%) in the HFrEF group, 40 patients (17.5%) in the HFmrEF group, and 103 patients (45.2%) in the HFpEF group. There were statistically significant differences in age, proportion of age > 65 years old, sex distribution, systolic blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, serum sodium, serum calcium, hemoglobin, serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum uric acid, troponin I, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, LVEF, ventricular septal thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, B-type natriuretic peptide, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proportions of using beta blockers, using spirolactone, myocardial infarction, hypertension, cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation (all P < 0.05). During the median follow-up of 36.0 (28.0, 46.0) months, 73 patients (32.0%) had adverse renal outcomes. The total incidences of adverse renal outcomes were 32.9% (28/85) in the HFrEF group, 35.0% (14/40) in the HFmrEF group, and 30.1% (31/103) in the HFpEF group. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of endpoint events among the three groups (log-rank test χ2=0.17, P=0.680). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that HFpEF (HFrEF as reference, HR=2.430, 95% CI 1.055-5.596, P=0.037) was an independent influencing factor of endpoint events. Conclusions: The long-term renal prognosis of patients with renal insufficiency and heart failure is poor. Compared with HFrEF, HFpEF is an independent risk factor of poor long-term renal prognosis in renal insufficiency patients with heart failure.

Correlation of Lipin gene expression with hepatic fat content in rats with intrauterine growth retardation / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the correlation of the expression of Lipin1 in visceral adipose tissue and Lipin2 in liver tissue with hepatic fat content in rats with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).@*METHODS@#Pregnant rats were given a low-protein (10% protein) diet during pregnancy to establish a model of IUGR in neonatal rats. The pregnant rats in the control group were given a normal-protein (21% protein) diet during pregnancy. The neonatal rats were weighed and liver tissue was collected on day 1 and at weeks 3, 8, and 12 after birth, and visceral adipose tissue was collected at weeks 3, 8, and 12 after birth. The 3.0T 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure hepatic fat content at weeks 3, 8, and 12 after birth. Real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA expression levels of Lipin2 in liver tissue and Lipin1 in visceral adipose tissue. Western blot was used to measure protein levels of Lipin2 in liver tissue and Lipin1 in visceral adipose tissue. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation of mRNA and protein expression of Lipin with hepatic fat content.@*RESULTS@#The IUGR group had significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of Lipin1 in visceral adipose tissue than the control group at weeks 3, 8, and 12 after birth (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the IUGR group had significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels of Lipin2 in liver tissue on day 1 after birth and significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of Lipin2 at weeks 1, 3, 8, and 12 after birth (P<0.05). At week 3 after birth, there was no significant difference in hepatic fat content between the IUGR and control groups (P>0.05), while at weeks 8 and 12 after birth, the IUGR group had a significantly higher hepatic fat content than the control group (P<0.05). The protein and mRNA expression levels of Lipin1 were positively correlated with hepatic fat content (r=0.628 and 0.521 respectively; P<0.05), and the protein and mRNA expression levels of Lipin2 were also positively correlated with hepatic fat content (r=0.601 and 0.524 respectively; P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of Lipin1 in visceral adipose tissue and Lipin2 in liver tissue can increase hepatic fat content in rats with IUGR and may be associated with obesity in adulthood.

Interpretation of Implementation Plan for Enrollment and Assessment of Clinical Pharmacist Teacher Training Project of Chinese Hospital Association （Trial） / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To interpret the new version of the Implementation Plan for Enrollment and Assessment of Clinical Pharmacist Teacher Training Project of Chinese Hospital Association （Trial）（hereinafter referred to as the “New Plan ”）officially announced by the Chinese Hospital Association in Sept. 2021，in order to provide guidance and reference for smoothly promoting the implementation of the New Plan and realizing the original intention of the reform. METHODS ：The New Plan was interpreted from four aspects ，including the background of the formulation of the New Plan ，the main features presented ，the innovations and the issues that need to be paid attention to in the next implementation. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The formulation and release of the New Plan marks the beginning of a new round of reform of the clinical pharmacist teacher training program of the Chinese Hospital Association. It is mainly based on the actual problems encountered in the operation of the current clinical pharmacist teacher training system ，the importance of clinical pharmacistteacher training itself ，and the opportunities and challenges that the development of the times has brought to our country ’s 163.com clinical pharmacy business. Research foundation ， problem orientation and professional demonstration present important characteristics. Compared with the old plan ，the New Plan adds a substantive selection mechanism for majors ，which intends to achieve the necessary “strictness”in the enrollment process ；it reconstructs the overall training goal of the benchmarking project and the three-in-one assessment system ，which intends to achieve a reasonable “lax”of assessment link ；it removes restrictions on off-site training ，advocates wide-ranging professional docking，and improves the flexibility of the training system and process management. The implementation of the New Plan is a complex work involving multiple parties and is affected by many factors. It requires multiple teams to perform their duties and promote together. The teacher training base and expert team must understand the spirit of reform and achieve the stable implementation of the New Plan ；at the same time ，the communication between the project working group and the teaching base and experts should be strengthened ，and finally realize the original intention of the reform of cultivating more high-quality clinical pharmacy teachers.

Progress of oncolytic virus in treatment of gastric cancer / 肿瘤

China is a country with a high incidence of gastric cancer, ranking the top three in terms of morbidity and mortality. More than 70% of new patients with gastric cancer have been diagnosed at advanced stage. Traditional chemotherapy drugs have hit the plateau. In recent years, oncolytic virus, which specifically kills tumor cells, has developed rapidly. It is considered to have the characteristics of targeting tumor. A large number of viruses replicate in tumor cells, leading to cell lysis or inducing immune response by releasing virus molecules and cytokines further to fight against tumor. The genetically engineered strains of oncolytic virus have shown effective anti-tumor ability both in vivo and in vitro. Its safety and effectiveness have been proved in clinical practice. So the oncolytic virotherapy is expected to be a new direction and breakthrough point in the treatment of gastric cancer. This paper reviews the anti-tumor mechanism, the research progress of genetically engineered strains in the treatment of gastric cancer and the existing challenges of oncolytic virus.

Effects of atmospheric particulates exposure on Nrf2 signaling pathway and inflammatory factors in myocardium of rats fed with high-fat and high-glucose diet / 上海预防医学

Objective To study the effect of atmospheric particulate exposure on the expression of key molecules of Nrf2 signaling pathway involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory response factors in myocardium of rats fed with high-fat and high-glucose diet. Methods A total of 48 SD male rats were randomly divided into control group (CC group), high-fat and high-glucose diet group (HC group), atmospheric particulates group (CP group) and atmospheric particulates plus high-fat and high-glucose diet group (HP group), with 12 rats in each group.Rats were fed in individual ventilated cages (IVC).The CC and HC groups were placed in IVCs equipped with the atmospheric particulate filter, however, the CP and HP groups without the atmospheric particulate filter to make the air composition similar to the outdoor.A total of 24 rats were sacrificed for acquiring myocardial tissue after 3 and 6 months of exposure.The mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 were measured using RT-qPCR and the protein expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1 detected using western blot. Results The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 and the protein expression levels of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in HC, CP and HP groups were higher than CC group (P < 0.05).The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, VCAM-1, MCP-1 and the protein expression levels of VCAM-1, MCP-1 in the HP group were higher than HC and CP groups (P < 0.05).The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 in CP and HP groups after 6 months of exposure were lower than that at 3 months (P < 0.05). Conclusion The exposure of atmospheric particles, high-fat and high-glucose and their combination diets could cause myocardial tissue inflammatory responses, and activate Nrf2 signaling pathways to protect against myocardial damage.

Investigation on Optimization of Standardized Training Mode for Resident Pharmacists in Beijing / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for improving the pharmaceutical care in China. METHODs ：By comparing the development history ，training contents and status quo of the standardized training system of resident pharmacists in Beijing and clinical pharmacists in China ，combining with policy guidance of the current development trend of clinical pharmacy ，the regins were discussed to optimize the mode of standardization training for inpatient pharmacists in Beijing. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：Standardized training for resident pharmacists in Beijing was a compulsory post-graduate education for pharmacists in Beijing hospitals. Post training of clinical pharmacists mainly focused on post-graduate education ，and the main training content was the practical ability of pharmacists in clinical pharmacy ，could be divided to general clinical pharmacists and specialized clinical pharmacists. The standardized training for resident pharmacists in Beijing consisted of two stages ，the first stage was general skills training ，the second stage was specialized skills training. The training content and rotation department of clinical pharmacy in the first stage were similar to post training of general clinical pharmacists in China ，and the training assessment required was more workload for trainees ，but it was not the key point of completion assessment for standardized training of resident pharmacists. During 2015-2017，154 trainees completed the training in Beijing and participated in the second stage completion examination of the standardized training of the resident pharmacists. At the same time ，43 trainees（27.92％）participated in the training of clinical pharmacists. 228 trainees participated in the training of clinical pharmacists in Beijing during the same period ， and showed an increasing trend ；most of them had passed the Beijing standardized training for resident pharmacists. It is suggested that the standardized training of resident pharmacists in Beijing can absorb the advantages of post training of clinical pharmacists. In the first stage of training ，the post training of general clinical pharmacists should be carried out at the same time. The post training of specialized clinical pharmacists can be included in the two-stage training of inpatient pharmacists.

Chinese medicine synthesis rehabilitation in treatment of neurogenic bladder urinary retention after incomplete spinal cord injury:A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To discuss the curative effect of Chinese medicine synthesis rehabilitation in the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after incomplete spinal cord injury, and to provide the clinical evidences for its application.Methods:A total of 184patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randonly divided into trial group (n=89) and control group (n=95) with central area group method.The patients in two groups were given the intermittent catheterization and the urinary functional training.The patients in trial group were treated by the electricity needle (20min/time, one time a day, 6dper week) and the massage (20min/time, one time a day, 6d per week) .All patients in two groups were treated for 4courses (2 weeks for a course) .The residual urine volumes, the bladder securiey capacities, and the intravesical pressures of the patients in two groups were measured before and after treatment, and the curative effects were evaluated.Results:Compared with before treatment the residual urine volume of the patients in trial group was reduced significantly after treatment (P＜0.01) , the bladder security capacity was significantly increased (P＜0.01) , and there was no significant change in intravesical pressure (P＞0.05) ;the residual urine volume of the patients in control group was reduced significantly after treatment (P＜0.01) , there were no significant changes in the bladder security capacity and intravesical pressure (P＞0.05) .After treatment, the residual urine volume of the patients in trial group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.01) , while there were no significant differences in the bladder security capacities and intravesical pressures between two groups (P＞0.05) .Conclusion:Chinese medicine synthesis rehabilitation may reduce the residual urine volume of the patients with neurogenic bladder urinary retention after incomplete spinal cord injury, and its curative effect is superior to modern rehabilitation of intermittent catheterization and urinary bladder function training.

Chinese medicine synthesis rehabilitation in treatment of neurogenic bladder urinary retention after incomplete spinal cord injury: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To discuss the curative effect of Chinese medicine synthesis rehabilitation in the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after incomplete spinal cord injury, and to provide the clinical evidences for its application. Methods: A total of 184 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randonly divided into trial group ( n=89) and control group (n=95) with central area group method. The patients in two groups were given the intermittent catheterization and the urinary functional training. The patients in trial group were treated by the electricity needle (20 min/time, one time a day, 6 d per week) and the massage (20 min/time, one time a day, 6 d per week). All patients in two groups were treated for 4 courses (2 weeks for a course). The residual urine volumes, the bladder securiey capacities, and the intravesical pressures of the patients in two groups were measured before and after treatment, and the curative effects were evaluated. Results: Compared with before treatment the residual urine volume of the patients in trial group was reduced significantly after treatment ( P0. 05); the residual urine volume of the patients in control group was reduced significantly after treatment ( P0. 05). After treatment, the residual urine volume of the patients in trial group was significantly lower than that in control group ( P0. 05). Conclusion: Chinese medicine synthesis rehabilitation may reduce the residual urine volume of the patients with neurogenic bladder urinary retention after incomplete spinal cord injury, and its curative effect is superior to modern rehabilitation of intermittent catheterization and urinary bladder function training.

Survey on Resident Behavior of Expired Drugs Disposal in Chongqing Families and Suggestions for Drug Recycling / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference to the construct recycling and disposal system for expired drugs of Chongqing families. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 683 residents from 6 districts of Chongqing,involving whether or not to reserve and regularly check up the drugs in the home;how to dispose expired drugs;reasons for different disposal behavior;suggestions of drug recycling. Epidata 3.1 software was used for data entry and statistical analysis,and corresponding measures and suggestions were put forward. RESULTS:A total of 1 579 effective questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 93.82%. 1 322 residents(83.72%)had the habit of storing drug;1 213 residents(91.75%)disposed expired drugs at random;109 interviewees had participated in expired drug recycling. Inquiries survey showed that 75 residents (68.81%)were not satisfied with the current way of expired drug recycling;90 residents(82.57%)suggested increasing recycling points;101 residents(92.66%)suggested setting recycling points near;93 residents(85.33%)suggested recovering expired drug to the doorstep;97 residents(88.99%)expected compensable drug recovery;1 062 residents who disposed expired drugs with the garbage had strong willingness to participate in drug recovery,and accepted different recycling methods well. CONCLUSIONS:Many residents have the habit of storing drugs,but they lack the consciousness of actively checking up the drugs. The residents deal with the expired drugs in the family casually,and lack the professional knowledge of expired drugs and environmental awareness. The residents who have been involved in recycling are not satisfied with the existing methods of recycling,and they lack of enthusiasm and initiative. The residents support professional expired drug recycling,but the actual behavior is affected by many factors. It is suggested to improve the relevant laws and regulations for the recycling and professional disposal of the expired drugs as soon as possible,construct government-leading,enterprise-participating and multi-lateral cooperative professional family expired drug recycling and disposal system.

The effect of alteration map of insulin injection sites on insulin intensive therapy for type 2 diabetes / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the application of rotation map of insulin injection site in patients with type 2 diabetes in-sulin intensive therapy.Methods 240 patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in the endocrinology department for insulin intensive therapy were enrolled in the study by random sampling method from February to September 2016.The patients were divided into ob-servation group and control group by random digit table, 120 cases in each group. The routine insulin injection method was used to guide the patients in the control group. The patients in the observation group were guided by the rotation map of insulin-injection sites during the hospital stay.In the three months and six months after discharge,the two groups were compared in terms of cutaneous reaction. Result The cutaneous reaction of the insulin injection site in the two groups was compared,showing that the incidences of cutaneous reaction in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group 3 months and 6 months after discharge(P<0.05). Conclusion The rotation map of insulin injection sites can prevent patients from repeatedly injecting insulin and thus reduce the incidence of cutaneous reaction.It is worthy of clinical application.

Risks of defecatory dysfunction in acute minorischemic strokepatients / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the incidence and risk factors ofdefecatory dysfunction in acute minorischemic strokepatientsandexplore the influence of the risk factors onprognosis.Methods Clinical data of 274 patients with acute minor ischemic strokewere reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.According to the presence of poststroke defecatorydysfunction,they were divided into defecatory dysfunction group and non-defecatory dysfunction group.The factors associated withdefecatory dysfunctionwere analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariatelogisticanalysis respectively,followed by investigating their effects on the prognosis.Results 74 patients of them with acute minor ischemic stroke had defecatory dysfunction.The univariate analysis indicated that4 factors including baseline NIHSS scorewere the risk factors.Multivariate logistic analysis showed that female,age,diabetes mellitus and baseline NIHSS score were independent risk factors for defecatory dysfunction.The scores of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 3 months in minor stroke patients with defecatory dysfunction wassignificantly higher(P ＜ 0.05).Baseline NIHSS score was a predictive factor for the prognosis of post-stroke defecatorydysfunctionpatients.Conclusions Defecatory dysfunction in acute minor stroke patients may increase the risk of poor prognosis.The female,elderlypatients as well those with diabetes mellitus and serious neurologicalfunction deficits are more likely to suffer post-stroke defecatory dysfunction.

Analysis on the data of antibiotic prescriptions comment in China, 2014-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the rationality of antibiotic use in the outpatient and emergency departments in some class 3A hospitals in China through International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD).Methods The antibiotic prescriptions were collected from the outpatient and emergency departments in 78 class 3A hospitals of 25 provinces through INRUD during 2014-2015.The basic information of the antibiotic prescriptions and the prescriptions rationality were evaluated.Results A total of 447 894 prescriptions of antibiotics were analyzed.From 2014 to 2015,the qualified rate the prescriptions increased from 91.52％ to 93.08％,and the antibiotic use rate was similar (11.72％ and 12.04％).The major irrational prescription type was inappropriate prescription,including inappropriate indication (32.42％,34.02％) and inappropriate usage and dosage (24.22％,18.56％).Conclusions Totally,the antibiotic use in the outpatient and emergency department reached the standard in China.However,the use of antibiotics didn' t meet the national requirements in some area.It is necessary to promote the rational use of antibiotics.

Analysis on the data of antibiotic prescriptions comment in China, 2014-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the rationality of antibiotic use in the outpatient and emergency departments in some class 3A hospitals in China through International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD).Methods The antibiotic prescriptions were collected from the outpatient and emergency departments in 78 class 3A hospitals of 25 provinces through INRUD during 2014-2015.The basic information of the antibiotic prescriptions and the prescriptions rationality were evaluated.Results A total of 447 894 prescriptions of antibiotics were analyzed.From 2014 to 2015,the qualified rate the prescriptions increased from 91.52％ to 93.08％,and the antibiotic use rate was similar (11.72％ and 12.04％).The major irrational prescription type was inappropriate prescription,including inappropriate indication (32.42％,34.02％) and inappropriate usage and dosage (24.22％,18.56％).Conclusions Totally,the antibiotic use in the outpatient and emergency department reached the standard in China.However,the use of antibiotics didn' t meet the national requirements in some area.It is necessary to promote the rational use of antibiotics.

Effect of different dose of dexmedetomidine in preventing visceral traction reaction during caesarean sec-tion under spinal anesthesia / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of different dose of dexmedetomidine for pre-venting the visceral traction reaction during caesarean section under spinal anesthesia.Methods Two hundred ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients,full-term primiparas scheduled for elective cesarean sec-tion were enrolled in this randomized,placebo-controlled study.Patients were randomly allocated to receive dexmedetomidine in four groups:group C (0.9% normal saline),group D1(dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg),group D2(dexmedetomidine 0.8 μg/kg),group D3 (dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg),50 cases in each group.Two minutes after cutting umbilical,groups D1,D2,D3 received an intravenous infusion single-dose of 0.6,0.8,1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine respectively for 10 minutes.Group C was injected the same dose of saline.Maternal blood pressure (BP),heart rate (HR),Ramsay scores,visceral traction reaction conditions were recorded at three points:before iv (T0 ),10 min af-ter iv (T1 )and abdominal exploration (T2 ).Results As for the inhibition of visceral traction pain, groups D2 and D3 were obviously better than groups D1 and C,and there was no statistically signifi-cant difference between groups D2 and D3 at T2 (P <0.05 ).The effects of slowing down heart rate and increasing blood pressure were weaker in group D2 than that in group D3 at T2 .Ramsay scores were higher in groups D2 and D3 than in groups D1 and C (P <0.05),and there was no significant difference between groups D2 and D3 at T2 .Conclusion Administration of dexmedetomidine 0.8 μg/kg could alleviate the visceral traction reaction and had little effect on maternal hemodynamics.

Preventive Effect of ω-6 Soybean Oil Fatty Emulsion on Gastric Ulcer in Rats / 医药导报

Objective To study the preventive effect ofω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion on gastric ulcer caused by acetic acid in rat model, and investigate its mechanisms. Methods Thirty healthy rats were randomly and equally assigned to the following 3 groups:sham operation,gastric ulcer,andω-6 Soybean oil fatty emulsion group.The model was induced by acetic acid. Five days after the model was established successfully,rats in ω-6 soybean oil group received the treatment by tail intravenous injection with the dose of 10 mL.kg-1 .d-1 ,the sham operation group and gastric ulcer group were given the same dose of 0.9%sodium chloride solution.The rats were sacrificed at 10th day after the treatment.The pathological changes of rat gastric ulcer tissue were observed by HE staining, and the concentration of gastric acid was detected by acid-base neutralization method,as well as the activity of pepsin was detected by colorimetry.Serum NO concentration was detected with nitrate reductive enzymatic method, and the expression of EGFR in gastric mucosal was detected with immunohistochemical method. Results Gastric ulcer area inω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion group (5.67±2.32 mm2) was significantly lower than that in gastric ulcer group(8.68±1.98 mm2). The concentration of gastric acid (1.70±0.53 mmol.L-1), activity of pepsin(23.12±6.97 U) and NO level (64.62±13.86μmol.L-1 ) inω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion group were much lower than those in the model control group.While the expression of EGFR in gastric ulcer tissue was increased after treatment withω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion. Conclusion ω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion exerts significant promotion effect on the healing of gastric ulcer,and its mechanism might be related to inhibiting the level of gastric acid, pepsin and NO, while improving the protective effect of EGFR on gastric mucosa.

Absorbable bio-glass injection in osteoporosis mice：a support for the osteoporotic vertebral body and mechanism of osteogenic induction / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Absorbable bio-glass injection composed by bio-glass and calcium phosphate bone cement can be tightly combined with bone tissue by a strong chemical bond to improve the stability of the bone-implant interface. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of absorbable bio-glass injection to support the vertebral body of osteoporosis mice and its mechanism of osteogenic induction. METHODS:Osteoporosis models were prepared in 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing bilateral ovariectomy. After modeling, model rats were randomly divided into three groups, and given polymethylmethacrylate, injectable calcium phosphate bone cement and absorbable bio-glass injection into L3-5 vertebral bone defects, respectively. L3-5 segments were removed at 12 weeks after implantation to detect the biomechanical and degradation properties, levels of calcium and phosphate, alkaline phosphatase activity, bone mineral density, levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor β, as wel as histological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the absorbable bio-glass injection group, the degradation properties, compressive strength, surface hydroxyapatite deposition amount and bone mineral density were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(P< 0.05); trabecular bone relative volume, thickness and number were significant higher than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05); serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor β were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(P < 0.05); but the level of serum phosphate was lower than that in the other two groups(P < 0.05). These results show that the absorbable bio-glass injection can enhance the support for the osteoporotic vertebral body and induce osteogenesis, probably by increasing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and transforming growth factor β levels.

Protective Effect of Omega-3 Fish Oil Fat Emulsion on Cyclophosphamide-induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice / 中国医科大学学报

Objective to investigate the protective effect of omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion on cyclophosphamide-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Methods Forty-five kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups as control,model,and omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion group(with 15 mice in each group). Mice of the two experiment groups were administrated with cyclophosphamide i.p. for 2 days to establish the damage model. then mice in omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion group received omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion at a dose of 15 mL/kg daily for 14 days. Meanwhile,the ani-mals in control group and model group were intravenously administered with the same volume of saline. the weight and food intake of the mice in each group were assessed daily. Five mice in each group were respectively sacrificed at day 1,day 7,day 14 after intravenous injection. Morphology of gastric mucosa was observed by HE staining and the activities of SOD and MAO in gastric mucosa were measured respectively by xanthine oxida-tion and ultraviolet spectrophotometry methods. Results Compared with the model group,the general status,nutritional status and the injury in stomach mucosa in omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion group were significantly improved. After 14 day′s treatment,the activities of SOD and MAO in gas-tric mucosa of mice in omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion group were significantly increased(P < 0.05)compared with model group. Conclusion omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion has a significant protective effect on the cyclophosphamide induced injury in gastric mucosa of mice,which may be related to the upregulation of MAO and SOD.

Preparation and performance detection of carbon fiber-polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol composite scaffold / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The mechanical performance and cytocompatibility of polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) scaffold is poor via long-term experiments; therefore, other materials are added to the scaffold in order to improve its biological activity and mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the preparation process of carbon fiber (CF)-PLA-PEG scaffold, and to test its performance. METHODS:Modified CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds were prepared using solution injection-particle leaching method. Ultra-structure, porosity, water-absorbing quality, degradation rate and mechanical properties of CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds and PLA-PEG scaffolds were compared. Rat osteoblasts were co-cultured with these two kinds of scaffoldsin vitro, and the cel adhesion rate was detected by precipitation method after 12 hours. Cel counting was detected using MTT method to determine the cel proliferation at culture days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The surface structure of PLA-PEG distributed uniformly, and the aperture was (404.0±10.5) μm. The carbon fiber surface of modified CF-PLA-PEG composite scaffolds had a lot of longitudinal grooves, the surface structure also distributed uniformly, and the aperture was (433.0±3.0) μm. Difference in scaffold aperture was of significance between the two groups (P < 0.05). The porosity, water-absorbing quality, elasticity modulus, compressive strength, degradation rate, cel adhesion rate and cel growth rate of CF-PLA-PEG were better than those of PLA-PEG (P < 0.05). These results show that the CF-PLA-PEG scaffolds have good mechanical property and cel compatibility.

Manufacture and clinical application of a external fixator for calcaneal fractures / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of indirect reduction and fixation with the self-manufactured external fixator as a viable alternative in the surgical treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures.Methods From May 2006 to May 2009,a total of 30 patients undergone surgical treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures were analyzed,including 20 males and 10 females with an average age of 36 years (range,15-53).According to Sanders classification based on the computed tomography scan of intraarticular calcaneal fractures,16 patients were classified as type-Ⅲ,and 14 type-Ⅳ in this series.All fractures were treated first with the external fixator as indirect reduction and fixation device on the whole,which can enlarge the interspace of the subtalar joint significantly.Then,posterior articular facet of calcaneus was exposed and reduced through a small lateral incision.The calcaneal's length,breadth,thalamus height,maximum vertical displacement of the post-articular surface,and B(o)hler angle were measured preoperatively,3 days and 6 months after operation in X-ray film.Reduction results were evaluated by CT scan according to the standard of Buckley.Results The average follow-up time of all patients was 29 months (range,4-45).Lateral and axial roentgenograms showed satisfactory restoration of the calcaneal's anatomical structure.There were significant differences between preoperative values and those 3 days or 6 months postoperatively.There were no significant differences between values 3 days postoperatively and those 6 months postoperatively.The reduction results of posterior articular facet were evaluated by CT scan.Twenty-seven patients obtained anatomical reduction,3 patients obtained uneven articular facet within 2 mm.Conclusion This selfmanufactured external fixator is a vialbe alternative in the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures,which has advantages of minimal invasion,practicality and less complications.